You cannot apply for a nonimmigrant (temporary) visa to work in the U.S. until you have an employer willing to offer you a job and act as your petitioner in the application process. Yet finding a job when you don't yet have any right to work in the U.S. is a huge challenge. How do people do it?
As talented as you might be, the United States government only authorizes labor-based nonimmigrant visas for people in certain limited categories. The most likely visas include, in brief:
We've left off of this list various visas in narrower categories, say, where your existing employer might arrange for a short training stint in the U.S., or you might come as part of a group to give an artistic performance.
After reviewing this list, you might develop a better idea of which of your job skills can be put toward finding a job in an existing visa category.
Even when U.S. unemployment levels are high, there are always some employers who cannot find the workers they need, whether it's based on location, specialized job skills, or something else. Such employers might be happy to help someone from another country obtain a nonimmigrant visa to work in the United States.
Look through want ads and at job posting websites for companies hiring large numbers of employees or that have been posting the same job for months. Those employers might be feeling desperate and might be more willing to go through the immigration process (which can be lengthy, complicated, and expensive) to fill their employment needs.
Employers with a history of hiring foreign workers are more likely to hire you than employers that don't have much experience with the process. Because immigration law is complicated, they might not even know what their options are. Some large corporations have entire departments and in-house lawyers dedicated to bringing in foreign workers.
But even a smaller employer who has been through the process before, and successfully so, may be interested in bringing foreign workers to fill their needs. Keep your eyes open for employers who are advertising abroad. Also read the company's press releases or online self-descriptions regarding hiring foreign workers.
Start by asking everyone you know (including, of course, in your online social networks) whether they know anyone who has been hired by a company in the United States. Then contact those people to ask how they found their jobs, and whether they know of any openings or can ask around.
Once you identify employers that might be willing to hire foreign workers, you have to reach out to them. Use any names you might have as connections and try to have a name of a specific person at the employer to contact. Even if no job opening has been posted, there's no harm in sending a resume and a letter introducing yourself, just in case. If a job has been posted, carefully follow the application guidelines.
In preparing your resume, be sure to read U.S.-authored books on what's expected in terms of style and tone. You might even want to ask someone from the United States to review and edit your resume. Remember, it will be your responsibility to prove to the employer that your skills and talents are worth the time and money that it will have to spend in order to bring you to the United States to work.