If you are a foreign worker in H-1B status who is contemplating quitting your job with a U.S employer, this article will alert you to the possible consequences of quitting and explain how you may remain in lawful status after ending the employment.
If you've lost your job involuntarily, or fear you may, see What Happens If an H-1B Holder Loses Their Job?
H-1B classification is available to foreign workers coming to the U.S. temporarily to perform services for U.S. employers. There are many advantages of H-1B status. However, one possible disadvantage is that your lawful immigration status in the U.S. is dependent upon your fulfillment of the terms and conditions of your approved employment with a U.S. employer.
If you leave your H-1B employer, there are two important timelines. One is the 60-day grace period you have in which to find another job, change to another immigration status, or leave the country. The other relates to what is called "unlawful presence." Here are some considerations when it comes to leaving your H-1B employment:
There are multiple ways to remain in lawful immigration status after quitting an H-1B job. Perhaps the best way to is for a second employer to file an I-129 petition on your behalf while you are still working for your original H-1B employer. Once USCIS approves that I-129 petition, you can quit your original job and immediately begin working for your new employer, which ensures no gaps in your status. If you meet the requirements for so-called H-1B portability, you can start working for the new employer once the new H-1B petition is pending with USCIS.
Another way to remain in lawful immigration status is to apply to USCIS for a change of status. Many H-1B workers apply for a change of status from H-1B to F-1 so that they may attend a university in the United States. If you would qualify for another status, such as L-1, or H-4, you can apply to change to one of those, instead.
The most important concept to remember when applying to change your status is that you must demonstrate to USCIS that you were maintaining lawful status up to the point of your application. In the context of H-1B employment, you must provide evidence of your employment, such as pay stubs and timesheets. If you're within the 60-day grace period, you'll also want to include applications and correspondence with prospective employers for your job search.
The law considers H-1B employment "at-will" employment, meaning you have the right to quit your job (and the employer has the right to terminate you). Additionally, your employer is prohibited from retaliating against you for quitting. However, you are still bound to any employment contract you signed with your employer. Therefore, if your contract contains a penalty for quitting (such as disqualification from severance packages), you will incur this penalty.
Terminating H-1B employment can have serious consequences for your present immigration status and future immigration opportunities. There are multiple strategies available that can assist in maintaining status, but your own situation will dictate how you should proceed. It is highly recommended that you consult with an experienced immigration attorney BEFORE quitting your H-1B employment.