Waiting for U.S. lawful permanent residence (a "green card") can be a long and trying process. For one thing, the large number of people who wish to immigrate to the United States and limits on the numbers of green cards or visas that can be given out annually in certain categories causes a mismatch in supply and demand. Long waits are the result (based on one's "priority date"). But even without this problem, U.S. immigration authorities are chronically backlogged with applications.
Is there any way to speed up the process so that your green card gets approved faster? For the most part, that's impossible. However, below we will give tips for avoiding unusual or disastrous sorts of delays.
It’s important to understand what is considered “normal” in the process of applying for a green card or visa. No matter what, it will probably take longer than you would like. Do your research at the beginning, so that you will not be surprised by issues like the following:
Also see Why Is My Immigration Case Taking So Long?.
Once you understand the sources of delays, you will be better able to track whether your application seems to have fallen behind the rest. If it has, you would want to contact whoever is handling your application and find out what’s going wrong.
If USCIS is handling your application, call its Contact Center. Unfortunately, you will have to get past an automated phone system, and the person who eventually calls you back (hopefully) will not be the one who is actually handling your file. You might get only secondhand information, based on whatever is shown in the USCIS computer system. In some cases, the contact center will set up a personal appointment for you to visit a local USCIS office for closer personal attention.
If you are having trouble reaching the Contact Center, or feel sure that a personal appointment will be necessary, you can try requesting one via USCIS's online "My Appointment" portal. Such appointments are free. Getting an appointment is not guaranteed, however. USCIS will evaluate your need for it after you submit the request. You can request a particular date and time, but aren't guaranteed to get that, either. If you do receive such an appointment, don't waste the opportunity! Arrive at least 15 minutes in advance and bring all potentially relevant documents with you.
In rare cases, when facing a true emergency, you might be able to ask U.S. immigration authorities to speed up its processing of your case. For example, if you are trying to get a K-1 fiancé visa for an immigrant who is hoping to get married before receiving a much-needed kidney transplant, that might be grounds for a request for expedited processing. You would want to submit a detailed, signed letter to whatever office is handling your case, along with documentation (such as a doctor's letter) proving the emergency.
In normal circumstances, however, bugging U.S. immigration authorities to put your application ahead of the rest will get you nowhere. They are perpetually snowed in by applications.
By far the best thing that you can do to make sure that your green card application is processed as quickly as possible is to make sure that all of your paperwork is in order prior to filing. If you leave something out of an application, the whole thing can be sent back to you, or you might receive a letter requesting follow-up documents (a Request for Evidence or RFE). Such issues invariably add weeks or even months to the process.
Carefully read and follow any instructions you get from USCIS or other U.S. immigration authorities regarding your paperwork. Check many times over to be sure that you have filled in all of the requested information on your forms (and that it's consistent) and that you've included the appropriate documents, fee, and photos. If you're uncomfortable in English, have a friend look over your application materials or hire an attorney.
An experienced immigration attorney can help you to make sure you're eligible for U.S. lawful permanent residence in the first place (and not barred by a ground of inadmissibility) and that your application is prepared appropriately, and then track it through the government bureaucracy. If you didn't hire an attorney at the beginning of the process, you might want to find one after encountering unusual delays.